Dimitri Vegas, Steve Aoki The White Lotus Theme (Aloha!) [2][3]. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Beginning as enslavement protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many citizens. The dynasty had to resort to a strategy of removing all food supplies from the countryside and collecting the peasants into a series of armed stockades. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. As you might expect, the collapse of China's Qing dynasty was a long and complex process. Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. "[5] It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion."[7]. Chien-lung Encyclopedia.com. He declared that to prevent the capture of the young prince when a child, he had fled with him and concealed him beyond the borders of China. The Chinese authorities burned 20,000 bales of opium, and the British retaliated with a devastating invasion of mainland China, in two wars known as the Opium Wars of 183942 and 185660. One of the tools they used to stay in power was a very strict restriction on trade. [13], Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. Buddhist sects, such as the White Lotus sect, a group that attracted many followers among the Chinese lower classes. A decree by the Daoguang Emperor admitted, "it was extortion by local officials that goaded the people into rebellion" By threatening the arrest of people who engaged in sectarian activities, local officials and police extorted money from people. By 1387, after more than 30 years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the North China Plain and occupied the Yuan capital Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing). Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. In 1794, a similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China, initially as a tax protest. White Lotus sectarianism appealed to other Chinese, most notably to women and to the poor, who found solace in worship of the Eternal Mother, who was to gather all her children at the millennium into one family. The Emperor Qianlong (Ch'ien-lung) (reigned 173599) sent Helin, brother to the infamously corrupt eunuch Heshen and Fukangan, related by marriage to the Emperor, to quell the uprising. Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. The White Lotus Rebellion White Lotus (Pai-lien chiao) sectarianism appealed to Chinese, most notably to women and to the poor, who found solace in worship of the Eternal Mother who was to gather all her children at the millennium into one family. Save up to $6,685 on one of 9 used Lotus Evora 400s in Frisco, TX. Surprisingly, the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces. The rebellion was ended by the deaths of some 100,000 rebels. [CDATA[ from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under the Mongol -led Yuan dynasty. Only after 1800 did Beijing adopt new tactics that established local militias (tuan) to help surround and destroy the White Lotus. ThoughtCo. How did the Rebellion impact Qing society? When they congregate and oppose the government, they are rebels; when they disperse and depart, they are civilians once more. - rebellion began in 1794; rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China, - the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces, - was initiated as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. Nevertheless, where can you catch hints that the -angel longs for his former state? The White Lotus continued to be active, and it might have influenced the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. A White Lotus rebellion known as the Red Turban Uprising helped Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty, capture Beijing, but he turned against the group once he had achieved imperial power. She has taught at the high school and university levels in the U.S. and South Korea. [6] The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. That history stretched back at least as far as 221 BCE when Qin Shi Huangdi first united China into a single empire. In 1896, Yan Fu translated Herbert Spencer's treatises on social Darwinism. Szczepanski, Kallie. The government had to depend on more Han Chinese recruits (Green Standard) since there were not enough Manchu. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Others began to openly call for the overthrow of the existing regime and replace it with a constitutional rule. The rebellion soon grew in numbers and power, and eventually became a serious concern for the oppressive Amarr empire . Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than four thousand soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. In 1805, the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion by instituting a combination of military and social policies. Instead, Britain began a lucrative, illicit trade in opium, traded from British imperial India into Canton, far from Beijing. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Qing state banned the religion, and it, The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). However, the date of retrieval is often important. Having attained the Mandate of Heaven and the status of Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang named his period of reign "Hongwu" (thus he was known as the Hongwu Emperor) and founded a new dynasty the Ming dynasty. The White Lotus Rebellion Another important rebellion launched by members of the White Lotus Society was the White Lotus Rebellion . White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The balance of power had tipped decidedly away from the imperial court and toward the foreign powers. [9], Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, the area of the boundary between Henan and Anhui was perpetually plagued by White Lotus revolts, the White Lotus rebels were frequently in league with the area's brigands and salt smugglers. (2020, August 27). Updates? They are not like some external tribe . In the late 18th century, in response to famine, crowded conditions, and harassment from petty government officials, White Lotus leaders in central China began a rebellion; they promised their followers that there would be the return of the Buddha and the end of suffering. White Lotus Rebellion, (17961804), large-scale uprising in the mountainous regions of central China that contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty (16441911/12). The river flooded constantly, and other natural disasters also occurred. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. Although the rebellion continued for nine years, it never became an organized attempt to establish a new dynasty. //]]>. All our content comes from Wikipedia and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. In its last stage, the Qing suppression policy combined the pursuit and extermination of rebel guerrilla bands with a program of amnesty for deserters. The grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. The nine-years long White Lotus war had devastated a large number of districts in Central China. At the . If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari, For the 14th-century rebellion also related to the White Lotus, see, Conscientious objection to military taxation, List of historical acts of tax resistance, National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee, The Cold War and the Income Tax: A Protest, Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty, Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet, Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, Banknotes of the Ta-Ching Government Bank, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the deeply forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless "floating" people (liumin ) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. In 1794, a similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China, initially as a tax protest. "Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History." [4], Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. This page was last updated at 2022-12-21 05:40 UTC. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. Then a turn of fortune and successive victories of the imperialists would almost annihilate their armies and crush all their hopes. [citation needed]. Explain semantic, declarative, episodic, and explicit memories. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. Eventually, the Qing armies and the peasants united, but they were unable to defeat the foreign powers. ", in, Zhang Shucai (1992). It was an organized religion, which was once popular in Yuan Dynasty. "White Lotus Rebellion Where this rebellion took place and the Qing Empires reaction: "The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912." . The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). The White Lotus rebellion began when large groups of Chinese rioted in 1794. In response, the Qing Empress Dowager Cixi clamped down hard on reformers. When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. Consequently, a person's actual participation in sectarian activities had no impact on his or her arrest; what really mattered was whether monetary demands were met or not. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. What brought about the collapse of this once-mighty empire, ushering in the modern era in China? After both died in battle in 1796, the Qing government sent new officials, but none were successful. The Qianlong Emperor (r. 173596) sent Helin (, brother of Heshen) and Fuk'anggan to quell the uprising. Only after 1800 did the Qing government adopt new tactics that established local militias (tuan) to help surround and destroy the White Lotus. "The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912." The Red Turban Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Hngjn Qy) was an uprising influenced by the White Lotus Society members that, between 1351 and 1368, targeted the ruling Yuan Dynasty of China, eventually leading to its overthrowing. . Japan stripped away Taiwan, took effective control of Korea (formerly a Chinese tributary) following the First Sino-Japanese War of 189596, and also imposed unequal trade demands in the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki. White Lotus Rebellion, (1796-1804), large-scale uprising in the mountainous regions of central China that contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911/12). Some of these militia groups were further trained as attack armies to seek out the rebels, whose forces were thinned by offers of amnesty to the rank and file and of rewards for the capture of the leaders. It broke out in 1794, and was at full height in 1796, among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . The White Lotus led impoverished settlers into rebellion, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. The White Lotus led impoverished slaves to freedom, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"uAtwiiQKDz3pej8tikjjXf8qtftBywxw48FuRjxp2JM-86400-0"}; How did the Rebellion impact the Qing dynasty? The Qing believed that the way to avoid the errors of the White Lotus rebellion was to clamp down on foreign influence. The Rebellion is estimated to have caused the deaths of some 100,000 rebels.[1][2]. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. BJ Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. As one Qing official complained:[9]. The rebellion grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. This took place during the Qing Dynasty, and lasted from 1796 to 1804. . Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. In 1805, the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion by instituting a combination of military and social policies. J.D., University of Washington School of Law, B.A., History, Western Washington University. Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than 4,000 soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Rather than following the path of Japan's Meiji Restoration and modernizing the country, Cixi purged her court of modernizers. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. This rebellion was less successful than that of the Red Turbans, and the Qing government succeeded in crushing this uprising. There the foreign powers essentially controlled trade and the military, although technically they remained part of Qing China. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Without a clear enemy to fight against, brutality against civilians became more common. Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government after eight years of fighting, it marked a sharp decline in the strength and prosperity of the Qing dynasty. Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government after eight years of fighting, it marked a sharp decline in the strength and prosperity of the Qing dynasty. Write in the blank the verb and tense indicated in parentheses. France seized Southeast Asia, creating its colony of French Indochina. The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912. After more than 2,000 years, though, Chinese imperial power under the last Chinese dynasty was about to collapse for good. After the strnggle had lasted six years, Lin Chi-hich was captunredd. Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries.[9].
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