Orleans musicians begin to consolidate the drum section (bass, snare, cymbals) commonly found in early New Orleans brass bands. grooves), - Beacon, 2006. !/$v}5cliH_+B9W#PBY]C ::B) Click As I said before, Swing music is played by Big Bands. The Double Bass is shaped like other string instruments such as the guitar or violin. In contrast to the typical jazz emphasis on improvisation, big bands relied on written compositions and arrangements. and Benny Goodman (who took jazz to Hollywood in the mid-1930s). Fitzgerald was unique in her ability to render exact imitations of nearly any instrument in the band. The popularity of many of the major bands was amplified by star vocalists, such as Frank Sinatra with Tommy Dorsey, Helen O'Connell and Bob Eberly with Jimmy Dorsey, Ella Fitzgerald with Chick Webb, Billie Holiday and Jimmy Rushing with Count Basie, Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest with Harry James, Doris Day with Les Brown,[40] and Peggy Lee with Benny Goodman. By the 1930s, these and other cities became major centers for the development of the swing style. The Lindy Hop became popular again and young people took an interest in big band styles again. here to see a YouTube video on "swing" groove vs. other types of His "C" Hawkins made his first recording with Fletcher Henderson and he would go on to perform throughout England and Europe. 0
Her vocal command expanded to an unusual range of four octaves, and she is best known for her melodic approach to scatting. trombonist Glenn MILLER incorporated Jazz elements into his famous musical, hbbd``b`:$g@Hp,@,Fb 0 O3
'20s," "HOT" JAZZ Air blown into the tube of the saxophone reverberates as it hits the brass tubing. (Click Some bands were "society bands" which relied on strong ensembles but little on soloists or vocalists, such as the bands of Guy Lombardo and Paul Whiteman. DAVIS was one of the first jazz artist to cross over and adopt elements of interacts with the bass and drums, and how the beat is divided up in complex Many of the great swing bands broke up, as the times and tastes changed. Swing band music was organized in homophonywhere two or more instruments played similar or complementary lines. The Dorsey Brothers started with a large-band version of Dixieland featuring singer Bob Crosby who later developed his own band.
Chapter Six: "In the Mood": the Swing Era, 1935-1945 freedom vs. chaos. Swing is sandwiched between two huge historical events. Theyre noticeable, but not overwhelming. Fitzgerald recorded several standards that became hit songs. [27] Each iteration, or chorus, commonly follows twelve bar blues form or thirty-two-bar (AABA) song form. A drummer, bass player (string bass), piano player, and guitarist formed the rhythm section. baritone saxophone. [3] They incorporated elements of Broadway, Tin Pan Alley, ragtime, and vaudeville. highly-improvisatory new style of jazz called "Bebop" was developed Swing Shift: All Girl Bands of the 1940s. featuring trumpeter Chet BAKER). (Click Some listeners feel that all swing bands sound alike but bandleaders wanted to be distinguished. Big Bands evolved with the times and continue to this day. of many things they must think about while they are playing. Asthe name of that sound suggests, Count Basie played in Kansas City. saxophonist Gerry MULLIGAN (of the Gerry Mulligan Quartet Examples include the Vienna Art Orchestra, founded in 1977, and the Italian Instabile Orchestra, active in the 1990s. jazz techniques into a more heavily-arranged "big-band" white swing Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and trombones The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. intricate fast rhythms and tremendous ragtime Fish, Scott K. Duke Ellington vs Chick Webb: We Tore Them Up, Man. March 1, 2016. https://scottkfish.com/2016/03/01/5221/. With no market for small-group recordings (made worse by a Depression-era industry reluctant to take risks), musicians such as Louis Armstrong and Earl Hines led their own bands, while others, like Jelly Roll Morton and King Oliver, lapsed into obscurity. [26], Typical big band arrangements from the swing era were written in strophic form with the same phrase and chord structure repeated several times. This is where one section (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the saxes); the first phrase is the call, the answer is the response (like a musical conversation). Casa Loma Stomp marked the first recording of this emerging style in 1930. (London: Paladin) 1987.
BASIE popularized "pure" jazz through a "Big Band" the 1930s, famed jazz pianists Edward "Duke" Miller went in debt to start his band but was a millionaire within two years. here to see a YouTube clip on jazz improvisation, click here to see animated The swing era took place during which two important historical events? Armstrong (nicknamed When the tradition came back full-circle into vocal jazz with a "walking bass" accompaniment, - Harmony rapidly with both black and white audiences. In Harlem, the creative and literary arts, Black musicals, and big band entertainment flourished within the movement known as the Harlem Renaissance, in which music played as great or possibly a greater role than literature. sprouted up in different parts of the United States, and their uniquely (click The rhythm section would typically include piano, string bass, drum set, with occasional additions of guitar or other chordal/melody instruments. The focus shifted away from the arranger and toward the improvising performer. Compared to Dixieland bands, swing bands used two or three times as many players and produced a fuller sound. Walter Page is often credited with developing the walking bass,[38] though earlier examples exist, such as Wellman Braud on Ellington's Washington Wabble from 1927. A distinction is often made between so-called "hard bands", such as those of Count Basie and Tommy Dorsey, which emphasized quick hard-driving jump tunes, and "sweet bands", such as the Glenn Miller Orchestra and the Shep Fields Rippling Rhythm Orchestra,[41][42]. "Stachmo") is arguably the most influential performer in the history When the trumpets and saxophones are combined in a musical accompaniment, they can lead a vibrant and multi-toned swing melody. Swing bands adopted a consistent instrumentation of four sections that remained fairly stable. Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the . (optional) Select some text on the page (or do this before you open the "Notes" drawer). in Blue (1925). The size could be anywhere from about 12 to 30 players. His famous recording Body and Soul, recorded in 1939, is known for its continuous smooth sound. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
. woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up During the swing era, popular, blues, and jazz vocalists were essential to big band performances. [1], Duke Ellington led his band at the Cotton Club in Harlem.
a) Henderson's big band comprises five brass instruments (three trumpets and two trombones), four reed instruments (saxophones and clarinets), and a rhythm section consisting of piano, bass, In New Orleans, black Count Basie played a relaxed, propulsive swing, Bob Crosby (brother of Bing), more of a dixieland style,[39] Benny Goodman a hard driving swing, and Duke Ellington's compositions were varied and sophisticated. Among all the jazz vocalists that followed, most cite her as having the most influence on their scatting style. Southwest bands offered a different solution to big band improvisational structures. Ellington, Duke Kennedy. highly improvisatory style called Bebop, style known as SWING. A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section.Big bands originated during the early 1910s and dominated jazz in the early 1940s when swing was most popular. Other methods of embellishing the form include modulations and cadential extensions. 6 Steps to Big Band Writing with Steven Feifke. New York in the late 1920s. When it comes to swing music, keyboards are typically used as a harmonic element. The lyrics kept within these traditions. Please change your browser preferences to enable javascript, and reload this page. You The Great Depression, which started with the stock market crash in 1929, and WWII which ended in 1945.
PDF Swing/Big Band Era (1930-1945) - Learn Jazz Standards One Oclock Jump: The Unforgettable History of the Oklahoma City Blue Devils. Tenor saxophonist Lester Young (19091959) had a different approach than Hawkins and used a lighter tone.
DG Ch 6-10 - Flashcards | StudyHippo.com However, jazz continued its artistic evolution as swing became established around 1929. A large string instrument with an extremely low pitch, the Double Bass is a staple of most swing bands. Others challenged him, and battle of the bands became a regular feature of theater performances. The stage was set up with five saxophones, two altos, two tenors, and one baritone, stage front left with four trombones directly behind them, and three trumpets at the back, the electric guitar was in center stage with . The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 19301945. A. Two other musical characteristics of swing bands are a return to the use of a flat-four rhythm and the use of block chords (chords with many notes moving in parallel motion). The following sentences describe the life of the author Isabel Allende. Much like the stock in Gumbo, it provides an essential rhythmic and harmonic element in swing music. In 1925, bandleader Paul Whiteman The bands led by Helen Lewis, Ben Bernie, and Roger Wolfe Kahn's band were filmed by Lee de Forest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process in 1925, in three short films which are in the Library of Congress film collection. Professor Daniels book publications include Lester Leaps In: The Life and Times of Lester Pres Young (Beacon, 2002); Pioneer Urbanites: A Social and Cultural History of Black San Francisco; and One Oclock Jump: The Unforgettable History of the Oklahoma City Blue Devils (Beacon Press, 2006).
Swing Music Explained - The Jazz Piano Site Louis Blues, but by the late 1930s, with the migration of Cubans and Puerto Ricans to New York City, Afro-Cuban music emerged along with new dances, such as the rhumba. The moral? The first chorus of an arrangement introduces the melody and is followed by choruses of development. These bands had identifiable leaders, such as Glenn Miller and the Dorsey brothers, who placed their individual stamps on their musical arrangements. They gave a greater role to bandleaders, arrangers, and sections of instruments rather than soloists.
Unit 5 In the early 1970s, Miles Davis began exploring Count Basies music contains lively rhythms, economic piano style, and a relaxed swing sound. 1560 0 obj
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Playing multiple riffs playing at once as a kind of call and response. [9] During the 1940s, somewhat smaller configurations of the big band emerged in the form of the "rhythm sextet". of the most creative composers in the history of jazz, particularly renowned - trombones The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. The successful bands of the Swing Era featured carefully . The popularity of their bands in the mainstream reveals the extent to which jazz and blues had become the most popular dance music of the 1930s and 1940s. American society, while standing as a brilliant reflection of American freedom So the Swing Era was during the Depression and it acted as a kind of counter-statement or rebellion against the unemployment and misery that the Depression caused. During the 1930s, Earl Hines and his band broadcast from the Grand Terrace in Chicago every night across America. hb```. @1&$3.YTyfx.=**hE+f|5SSz/=n/ Although many of these bands maintain a close tie to the swinging style of the Basie and Herman bands, others exhibit a new and very individualized style. This also contributed to the loose and spontaneous feel of KC Jazz. Tucker, Sherrie. Jimmy Rushing, Oklahoma City native and early member of the Blue Devils, set a style in blues and jazz that was imitated widely by others. Fletcher Henderson (18971952) is credited with creating the pattern for swing arrangements. Loops are played at 120 and 125 bpm. The Glenn Miller band was one of the most popular bands of the Swing Era. Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and. harmony, structure and instrumentation. Louis Armstrong was the first to establish vocals as a part of an instrumental tradition. Other research interests include African popular music and the use of oral history and photography in the study of culture. The 194244 musicians' strike worsened the situation. accompaniment (acoustic bass with piano and/or guitar). Some of the Piano techniques employed during the Swing Era were: A good example of this is the Count Basie song Kansas City Keys. This intermingling of sections became a defining characteristic of big bands. Daniels, Douglas. endstream
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Vocalists began to strike out on their own. Count Basie became an Oklahoma City Blue Devil around 1929 and also played with Bennie Moten. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_band&oldid=1142698476, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 22:19. [52], Schuller, Gunther. Ellington expanded Armstrong's small He was also one for hits such as Take the A Train, and Satin Doll, as well as colorful and Many swing-era compositions were written by professional songwriters employed by song publishing companies. Swing bands featured a large ensemble of woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up accompaniment (acoustic bass with piano and/or guitar). - a jazz choir (with or without instrumental accompaniment): Jazz combos often feature virtuoso performers, on In swing, the saxophone was usually featured as the leading instrumental soloist. Boogie-woogie is characterized by its well-known the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band The popular appeal of Benny Goodman's Trio and Quartet had a good deal to do with the extroverted energy of. Da Capo Reprint Paperback, 1973. Instead of just embellishing the melody, he created a whole new melody based on the songs harmony by arpeggiating the chords and adding further chord alterations and substitutions to make his solo more complex. His efforts helped make it possible for jazz musicians to earn a decent wage. interacts with the bass and drums, and how the beat is divided up in complex
The International Sweethearts of Rhythm became known for its strong riffing brass section, heavy percussion, rhythmic sensibility, and dynamic blues playing heard in Jump Children.. A big band typically consists of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contains saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. Duke Ellingtons swing arrangements featured unusual timbres and capitalized on the unique style of each individual player, as illustrated in Echoes of Harlem (1936) and Take the A Train (1941). (of the Dave Brubeck Quartet that also featured alto saxophonist Paul DESMOND), %PDF-1.5
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Carnegie Halls interactive Timeline of African American Music is dedicated to the loving memory of the late soprano and recitalist Jessye Norman. In a big band jazz group, at least three trumpets, two trombones, four or more saxophones, and a rhythm section of piano, guitar, bass, and drums are combined with a vocal element. and ingenuity. In the 1950s, a smooth style of "West From [24] In many cases, however, the distinction between these roles can become blurred. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. - The ANDREWS SISTERS: The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy [48][49][50] Big band remotes on the major radio networks spread the music from ballrooms and clubs across the country during the 1930s and 1940s, with remote broadcasts from jazz clubs continuing into the 1950s on NBC's Monitor. The most basic element of a song is also one of the most important a good rhythm. Henderson and arranger Don Redman followed the template of King Oliver, but as the 1920s progressed they moved away from the New Orleans format and transformed jazz. "Duke" ELLINGTON Gioia, Ted. It began as an intensified rhythmic outgrowth of the black Rhythm &
Big Band Arranging | 2 | Getting Started Evan Rogers | Orchestrator Swing music was performed by a larger ensemble consisting of saxophones (sometimes also clarinets), trumpets, and trombones. The swing era represented the pinnacle of jazzs popularity. syllables).
The History Of Big Band Music In The United States The dance duo Vernon and Irene Castle popularized the foxtrot while accompanied by the Europe Society Orchestra led by James Reese Europe. 20th-century popular music and culture. They danced to recordings and the radio and attended live concerts. Company B, was popularized through records and film by The Andrews Sisters during World War These ensembles typically featured three or more accordions accompanied by piano, guitar, bass, cello, percussion, and marimba with vibes and were popularized by recording artists such as Charles Magnante,[10][11] Joe Biviano[12][13] and John Serry. The swing era followed boogie-woogie. of American jazz. began to emerge from the vocal blues Kenton pushed the boundaries of big bands by combining clashing elements and by hiring arrangers whose ideas about music conflicted. here to see a YouTube video on "swing" groove vs. other types of is called the ", The The "white" bands of Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, Tommy Dorsey, Shep Fields and, later, Glenn Miller were more popular than their "black" counterparts from the middle of the decade. The Timeline of African American Music has been made possible in part by a major grant from theNational Endowment for the Humanities: Democracy demands wisdom. For the sentence below, write prepositional phrase and underline the preposition. In the early years of Jazz, and up until the Swing Era, the piano was still very much rooted in the rhythm section of the band. [14][12][13] [15][16][17][18], Twenty-first century big bands can be considerably larger than their predecessors, exceeding 20 players, with some European bands using 29 instruments and some reaching 50. Bandleader Charlie Barnet's recording of "Cherokee" in 1942 and "The Moose" in 1943 have been called the beginning of the bop era. piece several times, but the most famous is from 1942, with the following 3 4 5 6 7 8, -
Survey of Jazz Midterm 2 Flashcards - Cram.com West Side Story.
Dixieland and the Swing Era - Jazz in America The term "big band" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the only style of music played by big bands. Since theyre built of brass, saxophones tend to produce a trumpet-like buzzing sound. HWYo8~G ("b+[:r$%_r8oFdnIt]5pu\Kr|z~+au/I8vTm3}` e The style features prominent horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a consistent rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie-type bass lines.