To a greater extent than in the 1st and 2nd declensions, the Greek 3rd declension contains many words that appear in English in exact or conventional transliteration. By far the largest and most important category of Latin nouns is the 3rd declension, a group of words comprising all three genders and showing a great diversity of form. REMOVE THE –is ENDING OF THE GENITIVE FORM, AND YOU WILL HAVE THE BASE OF ANY 3RD DECLENSION NOUN. Occasionally, as with pars, partis (base = part-) or origo, originis (base = origin-), the base may even provide the obvious English derivative. opus As a general subtype, the Latin –or noun is a particularly easy form, since the NOMINATIVE AND THE WORD BASE ARE IDENTICAL. DATIVE: -I -IBUS ABLATIVE: -E -IBUS. This 3rd declension subtype has nothing to do with words like animus or campus, and mustn’t be confused with that 2nd declension group. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Latin nouns of the third declension comprise consonant stems and i-stems (e.g., as the i in the neutral genitive plural animalium). In dealing with the 3rd declension, we’ll find that the base can be quite different from the nominative (vocabulary) form of the word. One subtype of the 3rd declension, a group of nouns ending in -ex or -ix, has given rise to several English words that are pure Latin in form: index vortex vertex cortex apex appendix matrix calix When we pluralize these rather technical words, we get English forms like vertices , appendices , … Your first reaction may be one of dismay, since this declension has no consistent word-ending, like the -a, -us, and -um of the 1st and 2nd, and appears to have little predictability of any kind. However, they have clear ROOTS taking out the -is ending from the Genitive case (CONSUL-is, REG-is, SENATOR-is, FLOR-is, PLEB-is, or PRINCIP-is) to which you have to add these endings: SINGULAR PLURAL, NOMINATIVE: (IT DEPENDS) -ES opere LOC. The secret of learning these noun bases and remembering their spelling is to think of their adjective derivatives in English: capital, cordial, luminous, ominous, nominal, corporal, temporal, general, and onerous. Learn how to form and translate words from Latin's fourth declension. That trick doesn’t work for opus, but there we can think of the English verb operate. Since Latin plural endings are always added to the BASE of a word, we can deduce that the base forms of index and vortex are indic– and vortic-. Latin nouns have case-endings that make them like little phrases rather than like simple individual words. operi or opere VOC. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. CAESAR, BELLUM GALLICUM, BOOK IV, CH. When we pluralize these rather technical words, we get English forms like vertices, appendices, matrices, and the like. ( Log Out / Every third declension noun is characterized by the genitive ending –is as in regis (masculine), virtutis (feminine), and corporis (neuter). Latin has five declensions; this article looks at the first two. Latin’s third declension is the most common declension in the language. Here is a sampling, presented as Latin words: The abstract nouns in group 1 are traditionally spelled –our in English, reflecting their French transmission; but ever since the reforms of the great lexicographer Noah Webster (1758-1843), they have been spelled –or in American usage. One subtype of the 3rd declension, a group of nouns ending in -ex or -ix, has given rise to several English words that are pure Latin in form: indexvortexvertexcortexapexappendixmatrixcalix. By and large, however, when we are learning a 3rd declension noun—even only for purposes of English word derivations—we must learn TWO FORMS of that noun. Your first reaction may be one of dismay, since this declension has no consistent word-ending, like the -a , -us , and -um of the 1st and 2nd, and appears to have little predictability of any kind. Latin Nouns of the Third Declension, The Canadian spelling of these words, like many aspects of Canadian life, is a little indecisive. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. In our tabular word lists, 3rd declension nouns will be presented in this fashion: The first of these forms, rex, is the NOMINATIVE or subject case, which is the standard vocabulary entry.
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