[4] In addition, Saxony was distant from Augsburg and its environs, and considerable time would have elapsed waiting for their arrival. [16] They reached Augsburg on forced march very quickly, totally unexpected by Louis the Child and his army. Tanulmány a nomád hadviselés stratégiájáról és taktikájáról (Scouts and spies. The king escaped, entering the nearest town with walls (probably Augsburg), but the Germans lost almost their entire army. This is demonstrated by the fact that after these defeats, Louis IV the Child, the German king, together with the Swabian, Frankish, Bavarian and Saxonian princes, agreed to pay tribute to the Hungarians.[3]. A magyar történelem kezdeteiről: az előidő-szemlélet hangsúlyváltásai a XV-XVIII. Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056. [4] After a few days, Otto let them go with some small gifts. [3], After having put down a rebellion by his son, Liudolf, Duke of Swabia and son-in-law, Conrad, Duke of Lorraine, Otto I the Great, King of East Francia, set out to Saxony, his duchy. Although Liutprand of Cremona's work Antapodosis was written in the 950s, so only a few decades after the events, the Hungarian historian Torma Béla believes that not him, but Aventinus, who wrote in the XVI. [2] Another source is the chronicler Widukind of Corvey, who provides some important details. Az Árpád-ház uralkodói [Rulers of the House of Árpád] (in Hungarian). Kristó, Gyula; Makk, Ferenc (1996). The battle again vindicated the efficiency of the heavily armed man skilled in fighting on horseback. [2] They then withdrew from the Iller and placed Augsburg, a border city of Swabia, under siege. The German heavy cavalry defeated the lightly armed and armored Hungarians in close combat, but the latter retreated in good order. The Hungarian leaders Lél, Bulcsú and Súr, who were not Árpáds, were executed after the battle. [3], On 9 August the Hungarians attacked with siege engines and infantry, who were driven forward by the whips of the Hungarian leaders. In early July he received Hungarian legates, who claimed to come in peace, but whom the Germans suspected were actually assessing the outcome of the rebellion. The Hungarian losses were so light, that after just 10 days, on 22 June, they managed to annihilate, in the Battle of Rednitz, the other German army, the Frankish-Lorrainian-Bavarian one, which before the battle of Augsburg was expected to unite with the main army led by the king Louis the Child, and to fight together against the Hungarians, killing also the commanders of that army, among them Gebhard, Duke of Lorraine. Otto did not pursue, returning to Augsburg for the night and sending out messengers to order all local German forces to hold the river crossings in Eastern Bavaria and prevent the Hungarians from returning to their homeland. [25], The King spent the night after the battle in Augsburg. /Út_az_új_hazába_A_magyar_nemzet_története_Levédiától_1050-ig./ Út az új hazába. [3] During the battle, Berchtold of Risinesburg arrived to deliver word of the approach of the German army. The year before, thousands of the fierce mounted bowmen had rampaged through the East Frankish kingdom on the first leg of an epic raid that swept through Bavaria, Swabia, and Franconia, on into Lower Lorraine and Burgundy, and back to the Ca… "[20], The arrival of Conrad, the exiled Duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine), and Otto's son-in-law, was particularly heartening because he had recently thrown in his lot with the Magyars, but now returned to fight under Otto; in the ensuing battle he lost his life. One of the key elements of nomadic warfare was the careful choosing of the battlefield, which provide them advantage in winning the battle. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! Hungarian nomadic warriors used similar tactics elsewhere. On previous occasions, in 932 and 954 for example, there had been Hungarian incursions that had invaded the German lands to the south of the Danube, and then retreated back to their native country via Lotharingia, to the West Frankish Kingdom and finally, through Italy. [25] We do not know for sure why, but at this point the Germans were very sure that they had won the battle, and started a general attack on the retreating Hungarians, leaving their well-protected defensive lines, and breaking their battle formation in their rush to catch up to the Hungarians, who retreated in ordered lines, very careful to not disorganise their battle order. [3] At the end of the day, the siege was suspended, and the Hungarian leaders held a war council. They distracted enemies with simple maneuvers to hide the real tactical movement and intent. [17] This is further proof of the incredible efficiency of espionage due to its emphasis by the Principality of Hungary and other states of the nomadic warriors.
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