list of dictatorship countries

The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. [126] In particular, censorship by dictatorships helps solidify claims of legitimacy and marginalize the voices of opposition critics. The legislature must be popularly elected. Among Africans past and present, you'll find a smattering of dictatorships. To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. Dictatorship - Wikipedia Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. Democracy - Our World in Data [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. Modern Dictatorship Countries. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. In their book "Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders", authors Natasha M. Ezrow and Erica Frantz lay out five types of dictatorships: Power is obtained and maintained through military might. [1] The chief executive must be chosen by popular election or by a body that was itself popularly elected. A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? One of its most notable examples was Holodomor, where Joseph Stalin blamed the shortages of grain on "enemies of the state" who hoarded it. They differ from other forms of dictatorships in that the dictator has greater access to key political positions and the government's treasury, and they are more commonly subject to the discretion of the dictator. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. [5] This is particularly true when the inner circle is made up of military officers that have the resources to carry out a military coup. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. Top 10 Worst Dictators In The World In 2023 - TopTen Famous At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. List of Cons of Dictatorships. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. [145] Dictatorships may hold semi-competitive elections to qualify for foreign aid, to demonstrate a dictator's control over the government, or to incentivize the party to expand its information-gathering capacity, particularly at the local level. Personalistic dictatorships: 4. [8]:457, The DD dataset is limited to 199 countries after 1946, whereas Boix, Miller, & Rosato, 2013 proposed a data set from 1800 to 2007, covering 219 countries. On a similar note, a dictatorship's regular citizens have no voice in most matters. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. Dictatorships have arisen throughout history, usually in times of crisis. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. 8 Current Dictators as of 2018 - The Borgen Project [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. 10. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. Monarchies: 3. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. Socialism Requires a Dictator - Foundation for Economic Education Countries which under military dictatorship right now Skyline of Downtown Dubai with Burj Khalifa from a Helicopter. The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption.[125]. He assumed office in August 1979 and has remained in power since then. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . Syria - Well, it depends. Examples of Dictatorship | YourDictionary The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. Single-party dictatorships: 5. Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the . Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. Adolf Hitler: 14 most cruel dictators Benito Mussolini: 14 most cruel dictators Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924): 14 most cruel dictators Joseph Stalin: 14 most cruel dictators Mao Zedong or Mao or Mao Tse Tung: 14 most cruel dictators Muammar Gaddafi: 14 most cruel dictators Idi Amin (1920-2003): 14 most cruel dictators (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. It was initially aligned with Yugoslavia, but its alignment shifted throughout the Cold War between Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and China. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. [144] Since the end of the Cold War, more dictatorships have established "semi-competitive" elections in which opposition is allowed to participate in elections but is not allowed to win, with approximately two-thirds of dictatorships permitting opposition candidates in 2018. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. Examples of Fascism. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. Functioning of government: 3.57. Key dictators from 20th century Latin America Also, dictatorships . Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. [1]:68. Latin America's new generation of dictators - DW - 01/12/2022 Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. The terms "autocrat" and "autocracy" are often used interchangeably with "dictator" and "dictatorship". Many others developed following a period of warlordism. Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. 1. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. African Dictators Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. List Of Communist Countries Today - WorldAtlas They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. [8]:456. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. What is a Dictatorship? Examples and Characteristics - Study.com Duterte is the perfect example of a . Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. List of Famous Dictators - Biographies, Timelines, Trivia & Life History North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus This world dictators list has everyone from Adolf Hitler to Kim Jong Un to many lesser-known rulers. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. List of countries | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica | Britannica [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. What are the countries with a democracy government? Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. 5. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. ( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. Accused of crimes against humanity, Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death in 2006. 10 Dictators Who Were Surprisingly Good - Unbelievable Facts There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. [126]This tactic involves policies on land reform, poverty alleviation, public health, housing, education, and employment programs that force citizens to be dependent on the state for relatively adequate living standards. Dictatorship - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. 1. Military dictatorship: 2. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. Rwanda - 1994 to present - Paul Kagame. [32], One-party dictatorships became prominent in Asia and Eastern Europe during the Cold War as communist governments were installed in several countries. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. [27], One-party dictatorships are more stable than other forms of authoritarian rule, as they are less susceptible to insurgency and see higher economic growth. Synonyms for DICTATORSHIP: tyranny, autocracy, fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, despotism, absolutism, autarchy; Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP: democracy . Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. Modern Dictatorships Between 1919 and 1939 there was a great reaction against democracy and dictatorship was established in many countries of the world. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law.

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